Abstract: Objective To measure serum levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF in patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） and determine their clinical significance.Methods Serum levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF were determined by ELISA in 58 patients with NSCLC before surgery and in 29 healthy volunteers.Serum levels were compared between the two groups，and associations of serum levels with clinicopathological features were explored.Results Serum levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF were significantly higher in patients than in controls（P<0.01）.Among patients，serum levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF were higher in patients with poorly differentiated tumors，patients in clinical stage III + IV and patients with lymph node metastasis（P<0.01）.Sex，age and NSCLC pathology were not associated with serum levels of TGF-β1 or VEGF （P>0.05）. Serum levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF were positively correlated in NSCLC patients but not in controls（P<0.05）. Conclusion TGF-β1 and VEGF may participate in NSCLC angiogenesis，and promote the development and/or transfer of NSCLC.

Key words: Non-small cell lung cancer；TGF-&beta, 1；VEGF